Metabolic Pathways: How Cells Turn Food into Energy


Discover how cells turn food into energy through a core set of metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. These pathways work in sequence to harvest the energy stored in food molecules and convert it into ATP, the universal energy currency cells use for everything from muscle work to signaling. Glycolysis breaks glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm, the Krebs cycle spins in the mitochondria to generate NADH and FADH2, and oxidative phosphorylation uses those carriers to drive the bulk of ATP production via the electron transport chain. This streamlined look at metabolic pathways helps you see exactly where energy originates and how it flows from nutrients to cellular power. In the context of human biology and health, these metabolic pathways don’t operate in isolation. They link directly to how we extract energy from our meals, how our cells manage redox balance, and how gut microbes contribute to overall energy dynamics. The gut microbiome can also influence energy yield and metabolic byproducts through its own network of metabolic pathways, affecting digestion, inflammation, and long-term well-being. By understanding both human and microbial metabolic pathways, you get a clearer picture of how our bodies convert food into actionable energy every day. InnerBuddies offers a white-label Gut Health Operating System that can help you translate this knowledge into practical tests and recommendations. It’s a modular platform with a suite of unique features designed to power gut microbiome testing products. Highlights include the Gut Microbiome Health Index, a 0–100 score based on an exclusive IP deal with EAFIT University in Colombia; a top 40 bacteria set showing how your abundances compare to a healthy cohort; and detailed bacterial functions categorized and labeled as positive or negative to help you interpret functional pathways. Explore how you can harness these insights to map metabolic pathway activity within the gut and beyond by visiting InnerBuddies microbiome test. If you’re building consumer-facing health tools or services, InnerBuddies also offers direct-to-consumer gut test solutions alongside all B2B capabilities. You can extend the same powerful insights to subscribers through a dedicated membership, with personalized nutrition and probiotic/prebiotic recommendations tailored to an individual’s gut microbiome. For ongoing insights and a subscription-based model, check out the InnerBuddies Gut Health Membership, and if you’re interested in partnering at scale, learn more about becoming a partner at InnerBuddies B2B. These features help you turn the science of metabolic pathways into actionable, personalized health journeys.